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Prevalence of Urinary Tract Pathogens and Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns in Children Aged 1 to 12 Years

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Prevalence of Urinary Tract Pathogens and Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns in Children Aged 1 to 12 Years Abstract  Background : Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are counted among the most common infections in children. Most commonly, members of Enterobacteriaceae, particularly urinary pathogenic strains of Esch. coli and Enterobacter aerogenes are the primary causative organisms of UTIs in different parts of the world. In spite of the availability and use of the antimicrobial drugs, UTIs caused by bacteria have been showing increasing trends. Antibiotics are a mainstay in the treatment of bacterial infections, though their use is a primary risk factor for the development of antibiotic resistance. Antibiotic resistance is a growing problem in pediatric urology as demonstrated by increased urinary pathogen resistance. The extensive and inappropriate use of antimicrobial agents has invariably resulted in the development of antibiotic resistance which, in recent years, has become a
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Bioethics and Bioethical Education, Where to?

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Bioethics and Bioethical Education, Where to? Editorial To 12th World Conference Bioethics, Medical Ethics & Health Law, March 21-23, 2017, from Limassol, Cyprus, the conference president, Prof. Amnon Carmi showed that for the first fifty years of bioethics was discussed the construction and development of its bioethic concept and that we are now facing a second stage, a new task, that seems to be even more important, complex and difficult, namely the delivering of our message to society, by planting the ethical values into the soul of the people and into their daily life and behavior.  In bioethics are very important two different tools: educational tool that consist of the use of novel methods and a legal tool by translated and adopted of theory and language of bioethics by the legislator and the judiciary, e.g. the Universal Declaration of Bioethics and Human Rights of United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).  In actual society a
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Extensive Amalgam Tattoo (Amalgam Pigmentation) on the Palatal Mucosa: A Case Report

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Extensive Amalgam Tattoo (Amalgam Pigmentation) on the Palatal Mucosa: A Case Report Abstract  Introduction : Amalgam tattoo is the most common exogenous oral pigmentation, caused by traumatic implantation of dental amalgam into soft tissue. Observation : We report a case of large amalgam pigmentation on the right hard palate. Discussion : Amalgam tattoo can sometimes be confused with melanotic lesions, being then biopsied. Once the diagnosis of amalgam tattoos has been established, the removal of lesions is not necessary, except for esthetic reasons. Keywords : Amalgam tattoo; Oral mucosa; Pigmentation. Introduction Oral pigmentations may be classified into two major groups on the basis of their clinical appearance: focal and diffuse pigmentations. All pigmented oral cavity lesions should be viewed with suspicion to eliminate a malignant melanoma. This article deals with an extensive amalgam tattoo lesion on palatal mucosa which required a biopsy for a definitive diag
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Useful Materials for Cross-Sectional Anatomy Education: Silicone Plastinated Examples of Foot and Hand

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Objective : Cross-sectional anatomy is crucial incomprehension of the whole body. Furthermore, it mostly encounters the physicians as radiological images during their education or after graduation. The diversity of materials in cross-sectional anatomy education and their ability to match radiological images facilitate the integration of information. Anatomical examples possessing these features can obtain using plastination. We aimed to obtain real, reusable, safe and demonstrative anatomical training materials to facilitate cross-sectional anatomy training. The final products should be thin, semi-flexible, translucent and durable. Materials and Methods : A specific sheet plastination procedure with a different surface cleaning method is taking place in this study. Foot and hand slices of 2-3 mm were plastinated with xylene added silicone resin to obtain thin, translucent, semi-flexible and durable slices. Results : The plastinated slices have fine details of many ana
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Emergency Contraception Editorial Commentary

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Emergency Contraception Editorial Commentary Emergency contraception is the method of contraception that helps to prevent unintended and unplanned pregnancies after unprotected sex and before the implantation. This contraceptive method includes either the use of Emergency Contraceptive Pills (ECPs) levonorgestrel in a single dose 1.5mg, ulipristal acetate in a single pill containing 30mg or Copper-containing IUD s [1,2]. The recommendation timeframe to use the emergency postcoital contraception is as following: levonorgestrel pills should be taken within 72 hours, ulipristal acetate pills are indicated up to 120 hours and Copper-containing IUDs may be inserted intrauterine up to 5-7 days after unprotected intercourse respectively [1,2]. The exact mechanism of action of EC is not yet clear, but theoretically, it can affect follicle maturation, ovulation process, quality of cervical mucus, fertilization, zygote development and transport. Also, the mechanism of action varies depending
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